In response to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) declaration of mpox as a global public health emergency in August, Singapore has proactively implemented a series of precautionary measures to protect its population. While Singapore has not detected any cases of the deadlier clade 1 strain, the country has prepared an extensive plan to ensure readiness if the situation escalates.
Vaccination Strategy
Singapore’s vaccination plan is targeted rather than population-wide. The Ministry of Health (MOH) has emphasized that mpox, especially clade 1, is less transmissible than airborne viruses like COVID-19. The mpox vaccine, JYNNEOS, will be administered to two key groups:
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Healthcare workers at high risk of exposure: Those under 45 years old, who were not vaccinated against smallpox, will receive two doses of the vaccine. Those over 45 will receive one dose due to prior smallpox vaccination.
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Close contacts of confirmed cases: They will receive a single dose of the vaccine within 14 days of exposure during their quarantine period.
MOH has confirmed that Singapore has sufficient supplies of JYNNEOS to cover its vaccination strategy.
Symptom Management and Case Protocols
Individuals showing signs of mpox, such as rashes, fever, swollen lymph nodes, and muscle aches, will be managed according to strict protocols:
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Adults suspected of having mpox will be referred to the National Centre for Infectious Diseases (NCID), while children will be sent to KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital.
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Families with both adults and children will be taken to the National University Hospital.
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Testing is conducted using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests on skin lesion swabs, and isolation measures are implemented while awaiting results.
For confirmed cases, isolation in healthcare facilities will continue until the individual is no longer infectious. MOH will begin contact tracing immediately, with close contacts quarantined for 21 days and offered the vaccine.
Currently, no rapid test kits exist for mpox, but treatment focuses on symptom management and the use of antiviral drugs like Tecovirimat for severe cases.
Border, School, and Dormitory Measures
Singapore has heightened border security since August 23, including temperature and visual screening at air and sea checkpoints. While there are no direct flights from mpox outbreak regions, screening is in place for travellers arriving from areas where mpox may be prevalent. All travellers must declare symptoms and recent travel history via the SG Arrival Card. Those showing symptoms will be assessed at the border and sent to hospitals if necessary.
In schools and preschools, measures for other infectious diseases like hand, foot, and mouth disease are being applied. Students will be visually screened for symptoms, and outbreak management procedures—such as isolation, contact tracing, and temporary closures—are prepared for activation.
At migrant worker dormitories and the Onboard Centre, wastewater testing is being conducted alongside visual and temperature screening for new work permit holders. If mpox cases are detected, isolation and containment measures will be swiftly implemented.
Potential Mask-Wearing and Future Measures
While MOH does not currently recommend mask-wearing for healthy individuals, it may consider mandating masks in public places if significant respiratory transmission is observed outside of households. For now, the focus remains on preventing close physical contact, which is the main transmission route for mpox.
Health Minister Ong Ye Kung stressed that while mpox, particularly Clade 1, should not be taken lightly, Singapore’s robust health system can manage the virus without the disruptions experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Conclusion
Singapore’s comprehensive response to the mpox threat reflects the country’s ability to act swiftly in the face of potential public health crises. With targeted vaccination, rigorous screening protocols, and the capability to isolate and treat cases, Singapore is well-positioned to handle mpox while minimizing its impact on daily life. Authorities remain vigilant,and prepared to adapt measures as the situation evolves.